Both oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3) are very damaging to rubber products. Whenever possible, shaft seals and other molded articles should be stored in hermetic (airtight) containers to protect them from circulating air. Oxygen (especially in combination with heat) causes rubber articles to form additional cross-links, leading to unwanted hardening of the seal. As with water and UV light, ozone is capable of causing chain scission. Rubber products should be kept away from ozone generators such as electric motors, mercury vapor lamps, welding equipment, and high voltage electrical equipment.

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